DIFFERENT LEVEL OF TAXA REPRESENTED BY DIAGRAM

KINGDOM

PLYLUM / DIVISION

CLASS

ORDER

FAMILY

GENUS

SPECIES

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PHYLUM

It the second highest category of taxa.
e.g. chordata, animal like fishes,amphibians,reptiles , birds along with mammals constitute this phyla.
the main character of this phyla is presence of notochord and dorsal hollow neural system
       In case of plants it is known as DIVISION.

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CLASS

This category includes related orders.
e.g. Mammalia- carnivora-tiger,lion,cat,dog
                         herbivora- monkey,gibbon,gorilla

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ORDER

Order is a higher category. it may also called as collection of closely related family
e.g.-1. plant family- polynomial(mainly based on floral character)-convolvulaceae
                                                                                                     -solanaceae
     2.  animal family-carnivora- felidae
                                              -cancidae

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FAMILY

It is the next level of taxa. it is also known as collection of closely related genus. it has less number of similarities as compare of genus and species. families are characterized by both vegetative and reproductive features.
e.g. solanaceae- solanum
                          petunia
                          datura
       felidae-       panthera
                          felis
       cancidae-    cancidae

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GENUS

Genus is the second least level of taxa. It comprises a group of similar species Or we say that the genera are aggregates(collection) of closely related species.
e.g.-Solanum tuberosum     - potato
       Solanum lycopersicum - tomato
       Solanum melongena     - brinjal
all are of similar genera but they are different things because they have different species.

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SPECIES

It is the least level of categorization. there must be a single difference between very closely related organism.
e.g. Panthera tigiris- Tiger
      Panthera leo     -  Lion
both have same genera but have different specific name,hence they can be easily identify.

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TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES

Classification is not a single step process, it involves  hierarchy which is known as taxonomic hierarchy, it constituents of taxonomic categories. All categories commonly known as taxon (pl:taxa)
    The highest level of taxa is KINGDOM
                                                PHYLUM / DIVISION
                                                CLASS
                                                ORDER
                                                FAMILY
                                                GENUS
                                                SPECIES
In another section we will start from species. As we go from species to kingdom, the difference of organism increases.

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SYSTEMATICS

Systematic arrangement of organism for their identification, nomenclature and classification is referred as systematics. 

• the word systematics derived from Latin word systema means systematic arrangement.
• the book Systema Naturae was written bi Carolus Linnaeus.
  
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TAXANOMY

The process of classification on the basis of structure of cell,development process and economical process  is called taxanomy.
     Characterization, identification, classification and nomenclature are the  basic information to taxanomy.

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CLASSIFICATION

It is nearly impossible to study about all organism,so classification is needed. by this process anything can grouped into convenient categories  based on same easily observable character.
For example we can easily recognise groups such as plant, animal, dog, cat etc.

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TAXA

Scientific term for every categories is called taxa. Dogs, cats, mammals, wheat, rice, plants, animals all are different categories or say different taxa. dog is a different taxa, mammal is different taxa, animal is different taxa, but we know dog is mammal and mammal is animal. hence, these represent the different level of taxa.

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