EUBACTERIA

CYNOBACTERIA

                                                                           MYCOPLASMA

* It is also called as true bacteria
* they are characterized by the presence of rigid cell wall.
* they are of various types.
* CYNOBACTERIA- it is also called as blue-green algae. it has chlorophyll 'a' ,hence it is photosynthetic autotroph.
* the CNB may be unicellular, colonial, filamentous, marine or terrestrial.
* the colonies are generally surrounded by gelatinous sheath.
* some of these organism fix nitrogen in specialised cell called heterocysts e.g. Nostoc, Anabaena.
* CHEMOSYNTHETIC AUTOTROPHIC BACTERIA oxidise various inorganic substances such as nitrate,nitrite and ammoniaand use the released energy for their ATP production.
* chemosynthetic bacteria play a great role in recycle of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, iron ect.
* HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA are mostly found in nature.
* the majority are important decomposure.
* some bacteria are useful for human being like lactobacillus (convert milk into curd) and some are pathogenic cause disease.
* bacteria reproduce mainly by fission.
* in unfavourable condition bacteria produces spores.
* bacteria also reproduce by a sort of sexual reproduction by adopting a primitive DNA of another bacteria
* MYCOPLASMA are the smallest living known,which can survive without oxygen too. it has lack of cell wall.


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ARCHAEBACTERIA

They are different from bacteria living around us because they can survive in extreme salty area(HALOPHILES), hot spring(THERMOACIDOPHILES) and marshy area(METHANOGENES). they have different cell wall structure. methanogenes live in gut of ruminants animal

HALOPHILES


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MONERA KINGDOM

Bacteria are the sole members of this kingdom. it is found everywhere and also in extreme habitat,such as deep ocean, snow, hot water etc.
      It is of four types on the basis of structure:-
1. cocci- round shape
2. bacilli- rod shape
3. spirillum- spiral shape
4. vibrio- comma shape
* some bacteria are photoautotrophic
* some are chemoautotrophic
* some are heterotrophic
* archaebacteria-live in harsh habitat
*eubacteria-they are true bacteria

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FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

It was proposed by R.H.WHITTAKER in 1969. he devided organism on the basis of cell structure,thallus organisation,mode of nutrition, reproduction and phylogenetic relationship.
             Five kingdom classification system has separated  unicellular and multicellular, autotrophic and heterotrophic, fungi and green plant, eukaryotes and prokaryotes and many other organism with different chatacters.

     
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BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

From early period Many attempts had done to classify living organism. ARISTOTLE was the first who classified plants on the simple morphological character i.e. herb,  shrubs,  and  tree .  and animals as red blood and no blood.
         After Aristotle , CAROLUS LINNAEUS classified living inti two categoriesi.e. Plantae  and Animalia. this classification continued till very recent time, but the classification did not distinguish between prokaryotes( false nucleus) and eukaryotes(true nucleus), unicellular and multicellular, autotrophic and heterotrophic.
        Hence it was found inadequate system, and a new system was needed.
       THE RECENT AND MOST ACCEPTED CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM IS FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM BY R.H.WHITTAKER.

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ORGANISM WITH THEIR TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES

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