MUSCULAR TISSUE

*origin- mesoderm
*muscular tissue is about 30% of total tissue.
*total number of muscles in human body are 639
*muscular tissue also contain small amount of matrix.

Types of muscular tissue-

1. Skeletal muscular tissue.

2. Smooth muscular tissue.

3. Cardiac tissue.

1.Skeletal muscular tissue-

*shape-cylindrical and unbranched

*nucleus-it is multinucleated

*sarcolema-it represent plasma membrane of muscle fibre.

*sarcoplasm-it represent cytoplasmic content of muscle fibre.

*myoglobin-it is red in colour. it is Fe++ containing pigment,it carries oxygen

*dark band and I band are alternately arranged.

*found in hind and fore limbs.

*myofibril- about 1000 in number.

2.Smooth muscular tissue-

*shape-spindle fibre.

*sarcolemma-less developed or absent.

*sarcoplasm-present in very less amount.

*myofibril- very less in number.

*nucleus- single nucleate.

*complete absence on A-band and I- band.

*complete absence of myoglobulin.

3. Cardiac tissue

*shape-cylindrical and branched

*nucleus-multinucleate/ uninucleate.

*presence of well developed sarcolemma.

*presence of sarcoplasm.

*presence of myofibril in between 4 -1000

*alternately arranged A-band and I-band are present.

*presence of myoglobin.

*it is formed by fusion of two adjecent muscles fibre.

*it is found in heart.

FLUID CONNECTIVE TISSUE

*fluid connective tissue contain maximum amount of water and it doesn't contain fibrous matrix.
*Blood and Lymph are its example.

LYMPH

*it is colourless fluid contain WBC & Platelets and complete absence of RBC.

BLOOD - CELL  =  PLASMA

BLOOD - RBC  =LYMPH

PLASMA  - FIBRINOGEN PROTEIN  =  SERUM

*lymph also contain blood plasma protein but in less amount than blood.

*it stores fat and adipose tissue.

*it clots like blood.

*it circulate through lymphatic vessel.

BLOOD

*colour- bright red

*total volume- 6-7 Lt  [body wt/ 13 in adult]

*pH-7.4(arterial blood)

        7.3(venous blood)

*specific stain-Leishman stain

*components- liquid component -blood plasma

                       solid component-blood cell

BLOOD PLASMA

water

*85-92% of tatal volume of blood

albumin

*it is the smallest blood plasma protein

*it is about 4% of blood volume

*it maintain osmotic pressure of blood.

*decreased albumin causes -Oedema

increased albumin causes- Albuminaria

globulin

* it is of three types alpha (α), bita(β ), and gama(γ)

*first two helps in transportation of nutrients and the last one acts as immunoglobulin.

fibrinogen and prothrombin

*it helps in blood clotting

BLOOD CELL

RBC / ERYTHROCYTES

*size-7.5-8.5 micro meter in diameter in human

          largest RBC-Amphuma,79 micrometer.

          smallest RBC- Muskdeer, 4 micro meter.

*shape- biconcave in human

*nucleus-newly formed RBC has nucleus,but as their size increses, RBC looses their nucleus .

*life span-120 days in human

*site of formation-liver, spleen and bone marrow.

rate of formation-2-3 million /sec

*site of distruction-liver, bonemarrow and spleen, but mainly spleen.

*spleen is also called the graveyard of blood.

*RBC contain haemoglobin, hence it is red in colour.

WBC / LEUCOCYTE

*total count-4000-12000/cubic mm of body

*it nucleated colourless blood cell.

*life span-48 hours to 14 days.

*it is of two types-

1. granulocyte-Basophil, Eosinophil and Neutrophil
2. agranulocyte-Lymphocyte and Monocyte

*Basophil-it helps in secretion of heparin, histamine and serotonin chemicals.

*Eosinophil-it secretes antitoxic substance.

*Neutrophil-it helps in killing disease causing substance and paracite.

*Lymphocyte-it synthesise antibodies or immunoglobulin and provide immunity

*Monocyte-phagocytic in nature.

PLATELETS

*it is non-nucleated blood cell.

*it is the fragment of megakaryotic cell of bone marrow.

*function-helps in blood clotting

                 helps in repairing of damage of blood vessel.

THROMBOCYTES

*it is nucleated blood cell found in non-mammals

*it also helps in blood clotting.

*it help in repairing of blood vessel