MOSSES

POLYTRICHUM

SPHAGNUM

FUNARIA

*the predominant phase of mosses is gametophyte, which consists of two stages-the protonema and the leafy stage.
*protonema directly developes from spore it is creeping,green,branched and filamentous stage.
*leafy stage develops from secondary protonema as a lateral bud.
*leafy stage bear sex organ.
*leafy stage have slender axes bearing spirally arranged leaf, attached to soil by multicellular and branched rhizoids.
*vegetative reproduction by fragmentation and budding in secondary protonema.
*sexual reproduction by antheridia and archegonia, after fertilization zygote develops into sporophyte
*sporophyte consists of foot seta and capsule.
*e.g.- Funaria, Polytrichum, Sphagnum